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▍啟發關於臺灣工程師在當代政治上扮演的角色的批判性思考
工程師從事技術工作時經常迴避黨派和政治，但即便如此，工程師努力貢獻為大眾增進物質生活條件的同時，其實免不了從事了廣義的「政治」。我們這本書可說是個社會參與的實驗，藉著展示前述現象，期能啟發讀者關於工程師在當代政治上扮演的角色的批判性思考。我們認為，在日治及戰後時期，臺灣本地工程師藉由創立中小企業的方式，在日本人及國民黨所建立及鞏固的社經結構中爬升並增進社會影響力，進而實現政治和經濟的發展藍圖。1970年代，本土工程師延續了此一做法，除了協助外省工程師，讓大型、國營企業的工作更加完善，還催生了一個結構不同於日本和韓國的新興電子產業。這樣的發展，具體而微地體現在1960年代幾個交大電子所研究生帶著半自嘲半自勉的精神成立的「不正常俱樂部」：他們的組成包含本土及外省籍背景，但都「不正常」地留在臺灣攻讀碩士學位，不僅沒順著潮流出國留學，甚至還承諾畢業後要持續留在臺灣發展電子產業。他們不分省籍一同學習的經驗以及共同建立的長遠目標，反映了新興的電子產業必須跨省籍合作的性質。長遠看來，電子業的發展不僅打破了外省人與本省人間的階級和隔閡，更為1980年代以降的民主化奠定了物質基礎。然而，這些工程師報效國家時所想像的臺灣，實際上有兩個不同的想像：一個與中華民國的歷史地位連動，而另一個則是自成一格的政治經濟體。後來，當外省和本省工程師橫跨海峽兩岸發展電子業時，他們之間的分歧再次浮現，這也引發了臺灣可能將附屬於其他政體的恐慌。雖然當年將臺灣推向國際並奠定其民主化物質基礎的工程師們已逐漸凋零，但工程師這個群體在政治經濟發展過程中累積的地位、財富及影響力，亦使得他們早已為臺灣的發展和前途挑起各項責任。因此，工程師在自身崗位上奉獻為社會增進物質生活條件，不再是一個單純、無政治性的想法，其實也可能是一項政治策略的目標。
Engineers do politics even when they avoid partisan politics. They do it through material commitment. This book, an experiment in critical participation, shows how. Local engineers and would-be engineers in Taiwan had found ways of climbing hierarchical infrastructures established by Japanese colonialists and then an arriving Kuomintang government by founding small companies. Islander engineers continued this practice into the 1970s, complementing the work of mainlander engineers in large, state-supported companies to produce an electronics industry structured differently than those in Japan and Korea. The Abnormal Club was a small group of mainlander and islander graduate students who stayed in Taiwan for graduate school and work in electronics rather than go to the United States. Their collaboration in learning despite different geographical identities became a metaphor for the greater cooperation in industry that effectively disrupted the hierarchy of mainlanders over islanders in Taiwan and laid the material groundwork for democratization in the 1980s and beyond. Yet the land of Taiwan they helped to animate was actually two different Taiwans, one linked to the Republic of China and the other a thing unto itself. The separation between mainlander and islander engineers re-emerged when both crossed the Strait of Taiwan, which also raised the specter of a third Taiwan. The abnormal club was gone but the privileges engineers had earned in the process assigned them responsibilities in the present. A commitment to provide material benefits for all can now be a strategic goal rather than a naïve one.
以文會友－Engineers and the Two Taiwans: The Abnormal Club／臺大國發所 張國暉 教授
公告
張貼人：網站管理員 ╱ 公告日期：2024-11-12|||
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工程師從事技術工作時經常迴避黨派和政治，但即便如此，工程師努力貢獻為大眾增進物質生活條件的同時，其實免不了從事了廣義的「政治」。我們這本書可說是個社會參與的實驗，藉著展示前述現象，期能啟發讀者關於工程師在當代政治上扮演的角色的批判性思考。我們認為，在日治及戰後時期，臺灣本地工程師藉由創立中小企業的方式，在日本人及國民黨所建立及鞏固的社經結構中爬升並增進社會影響力，進而實現政治和經濟的發展藍圖。1970年代，本土工程師延續了此一做法，除了協助外省工程師，讓大型、國營企業的工作更加完善，還催生了一個結構不同於日本和韓國的新興電子產業。這樣的發展，具體而微地體現在1960年代幾個交大電子所研究生帶著半自嘲半自勉的精神成立的「不正常俱樂部」：他們的組成包含本土及外省籍背景，但都「不正常」地留在臺灣攻讀碩士學位，不僅沒順著潮流出國留學，甚至還承諾畢業後要持續留在臺灣發展電子產業。他們不分省籍一同學習的經驗以及共同建立的長遠目標，反映了新興的電子產業必須跨省籍合作的性質。長遠看來，電子業的發展不僅打破了外省人與本省人間的階級和隔閡，更為1980年代以降的民主化奠定了物質基礎。然而，這些工程師報效國家時所想像的臺灣，實際上有兩個不同的想像：一個與中華民國的歷史地位連動，而另一個則是自成一格的政治經濟體。後來，當外省和本省工程師橫跨海峽兩岸發展電子業時，他們之間的分歧再次浮現，這也引發了臺灣可能將附屬於其他政體的恐慌。雖然當年將臺灣推向國際並奠定其民主化物質基礎的工程師們已逐漸凋零，但工程師這個群體在政治經濟發展過程中累積的地位、財富及影響力，亦使得他們早已為臺灣的發展和前途挑起各項責任。因此，工程師在自身崗位上奉獻為社會增進物質生活條件，不再是一個單純、無政治性的想法，其實也可能是一項政治策略的目標。
Engineers do politics even when they avoid partisan politics. They do it through material commitment. This book, an experiment in critical participation, shows how. Local engineers and would-be engineers in Taiwan had found ways of climbing hierarchical infrastructures established by Japanese colonialists and then an arriving Kuomintang government by founding small companies. Islander engineers continued this practice into the 1970s, complementing the work of mainlander engineers in large, state-supported companies to produce an electronics industry structured differently than those in Japan and Korea. The Abnormal Club was a small group of mainlander and islander graduate students who stayed in Taiwan for graduate school and work in electronics rather than go to the United States. Their collaboration in learning despite different geographical identities became a metaphor for the greater cooperation in industry that effectively disrupted the hierarchy of mainlanders over islanders in Taiwan and laid the material groundwork for democratization in the 1980s and beyond. Yet the land of Taiwan they helped to animate was actually two different Taiwans, one linked to the Republic of China and the other a thing unto itself. The separation between mainlander and islander engineers re-emerged when both crossed the Strait of Taiwan, which also raised the specter of a third Taiwan. The abnormal club was gone but the privileges engineers had earned in the process assigned them responsibilities in the present. A commitment to provide material benefits for all can now be a strategic goal rather than a naïve one.
Chang, Kuo-Hui, Gary L. Downey and Bono Po-Jen Shih. 2024. Engineers and the Two Taiwans: the Abnormal Club. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
https://link.springer.com/book/9783031597657
張國暉 Kuo-Hui Chang
現職｜國立臺灣大學國家發展研究所教授
研究專長｜科技與社會、科技政策及治理
張國暉 Kuo-Hui Chang
現職｜國立臺灣大學國家發展研究所教授
研究專長｜科技與社會、科技政策及治理
最後修改時間：2024-11-12 PM 6:05
